High blood pressure, also called hypertension in medical terminology, is a continuing health state wherein the whole arterial blood pressure increases. It is the increase in the energy of the blood flow in the arteries when the heart is pumping blood out. It is the complete reverse of hypotension in which this pressure of blood is low. Blood pressure can be categorized into two primary and secondary. Primary or essential blood pressure is the state wherein the increase in pressure cannot be linked to a source and no cause is established.

Essential or primary hypertension is the most widespread and the most difficult to track down to its cause. Despite the fact that its source cannot be identified, numerous grounds like an inactive lifestyle, lack of potassium also known as hypokalemia, visceral obesity, stress, smoking, obesity, deficiency of Vitamin D, excessive intake of alcohol and salt sensitivity are believed to augment the chances of high blood pressure. This threat is also directly proportional to age and is proved to be found more often in people who have a family record of the same. Rise in the secretion of a hormone secreted by the kidney- rennin, metabolic condition and insulin resistance are also some the reasons. Secondary hypertension is the outcomes of specific and identifiable causes. Some of them are Cushing’s syndrome, hormone alterations and adrenal medulla tumor. The list is further elongated by obesity, kidney disease, pre-eclampsia, illegal drugs and aortic coarctation.

This is a common health problem in the industrialized nations. It results in solidifying of arteries which increases the chances of tangential vascular ailment, strokes, high levels of cholesterol and heart diseases. Hypertensive retinopathy, hypertensive nephropathy and hypertensive encephalopathy, kidney malfunction, loss of vision due to the effects on eye, mini stokes and congestive heart failure are some the severe consequences of high blood pressure.

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